ISTILAH KOMPUTER
abacus -cepoa/abakus
abbreviated address calling -panggilan alamat singkat
abend -aben
abend dump -longgokan aben
abend exit -keluar aben
abend recovery program -aturcara pemulihan aben
abnormal end (abend) –pengakhiran tak normal (aben)
abnormal ending -pengakhiran tak normal
abnormal termination -penamatan tak normal
abort -henti paksa
abort timer -pemasa henti paksa
absolute address -alamat mutlak
absolute addressing -pengalamatan mutlak
absolute coding -pengekodan mutlak
absolute command -perintah mutlak
absolute coordinate -koordinat mutlak
absolute error -ralat mutlak
absolute instruction -suruhan mutlak
absolute long addressing -pengalamatan panjang mutlak
absolute movement -pergerakan mutlak
absolute programming -pengaturcaraan mutlak a
absolute short addressing -pengalamatan pendek mutlak
absolute vector -vektor mutlak
abstract data type (ADT) -jenis data niskala (ADT)
abstract machine -mesin niskala
abstracting program -aturcara peringkasan
abstraction -peniskalaan; peringkasan
AC dump -longgokan AC
accelerated life test -ujian hayat terpecut
accelerator board -papan pemecut
accelerator program -aturcara pemecut
acceptance criteria -kriteria penerimaan
acceptance test -ujian penerimaan
access address -alamat capaian
access arm -lengan capaian
access -capaian
access channel -saluran capaian
access code -kod capaian
access control mechanism -mekanisme kawal capaian
access control word -kata kawal capaian
access cycle -kitar capaian
access mechanism -mekanisme capaian
access method -kaedah capaian
access mode -mod capaian
access path -laluan capaian
access permission -keizinan capaian
access right -hak capaian
access scan -imbas capaian
access time -masa capaian
accessible state -keadaan boleh capai
accessing formula -rumus capaian
accessor control -kawalan pencapai
accounting file -fail perakaunan
accounting routine -rutin perakaunan
accumulating counter -pembilang tumpuk
accumulator machine -mesin penumpuk
accumulator -penumpuk
accumulator shift -anjakan penumpuk
accuracy control -kawalan kejituan
acknowledge character (ACK character) –aksara akuan (aksara ACK)
acknowledgement -perakuan
acoustic coupler -pengganding akustik
acoustic memory -ingatan akustik
acoustic modem -modem akustik
acoustic storage -storan akustik
action procedure -tatacara tindakan
activation record -rekod pengaktifan
active cell -sel aktif
active channel -saluran aktif
active circuit -litar aktif
active file -fail aktif
active port -port aktif
active program -aturcara aktif
active star -bintang aktif
active state -keadaan aktif
active time -masa aktif
active window -tetingkap aktif
active-highstate –keadaan aktif-tinggi
active-low state –keadaan aktif-rendah
activity file -fail aktiviti
activity network -rangkaian aktiviti
actual address -alamat sebenar
actual argument -argumen sebenar
actual parameter -parameter sebenar
actuating signal -isyarat penggerak
actuator -penggerak
acyclic process -proses tak berkitar
adapter board -papan penyesuai
adaptive process -proses mudah suai
adaptive routing -penghalaan mudah suai
adaptive system -sistem mudah suai
add mode -mod tambah
add operation -pengendalian tambah
addend -aden
addend register -daftar aden
adder -penambah
adder-subtracter -penambah-penolak
add-in memory -ingatan tambahan
adding circuit -litar tambah
adding counter -pembilang tambah
adding mechanism –mekanisme tambah
addition record -rekod penambahan
addition table -jadual penambahan
address adjustment -pelarasan alamat
address -alamat
address array -tatasusunan alamat
address assignment -umpukan alamat
address bus -bas alamat
address calculation -penghitungan alamat
address code -kod alamat
address comparator -pembanding alamat
address component -komponen alamat
address computation -pengiraan alamat
address constant literal -harafiah pemalar alamat
address constant -pemalar alamat
address conversion -penukaran alamat
address format -format alamat
address instruction -suruhan alamat
address latch -selak alamat
address modification -pengubahsuaian alamat
address multiplexer -pemultipleks alamat
address part -bahagian alamat
address reference –rujukan alamat
address register -daftar alamat
address selection -pemilihan alamat
address space -ruang alamat
address substitution -penggantian alamat
address trace -surihan alamat
address translation -penterjemahan alamat
address vector -vektor alamat
addressable memory -ingatan boleh alamat
addressable point -titik boleh alamat
addressing character -aksara pengalamatan
addressing mode -mod pengalamatan
addressing -pengalamatan .
addressless instruction -suruhan tanpa alamat
add-subtract counter –pembilang tambah-tolak
adjacency list -senarai kesebelahan
adjacency matrix -matriks kesebelahan
adjacency table -jadual kesebelahan
adjacent domain -domain bersebelahan
adjacent node -nod bersebelahan
administrative data processing -pemprosesan data pentadbiran
advanced programming -pengaturcaraan lanjutan
aesthetic content –kandungan estetik
affirmative acknowledge -akuan pasti
agenda -agenda
air floating head -kepala apung udara
alarm display -paparan penggera
alarm -penggera
algebraic adder -penambah aljabar
algebraic manipulation language - bahasa pengolahan aljabar
algorithm -algoritma
algorithm translation -penterjemahan algoritma
algorithmic addressing -pengalamatan algoritma
algorithmic language -bahasa algoritma
algorithmic method -kaedah algoritma
algorithmic state machine -mesin keadaan algoritma
alias -alias
alignment mark -tanda penjajaran
allocated block -blok teruntuk
allocated node -nod teruntuk
allocation routine -rutin peruntukan
alpha testing -pengujian alfa
alphabetic character -aksara abjad
alphabetic code -kod abjad
alphabetic collating device -peranti kumpul-semak abjad
alphabetic data code -kod data abjad
alphameric code -kod abjad angka
alphanumeric character -aksara abjad angka
alphanumeric code -kod abjad angka
alphanumeric data -data abjad angka
alphanumeric representation -perwakilan abjad angka
alphanumeric sort -isihan abjad angka
alphanumeric type bar -bar taip abjad angka
alter mode -mod ubah
alternate instruction -suruhan ganti
alternate routing -penghalaan ganti
alternate statement -kenyataan ganti
alternate tape drive -pemacu pita ganti
alternate track -runut ganti
alternating acknowledge -akuan berselang
alternative track -runut pilihan; jejak pilihan
ambient conditions -keadaan sekitar
ambient temperature -suhu sekitar
ambiguity error -ralat ketaksaan
ambiguous reference -rujukan taksa
analog adder -penambah analog
analog -analog
analog channel -saluran analog
analog computer -komputer analog
analog data -data analog
analog display unit -unit paparan analog
analog divider -pembahagi analog
analog input -input analog
analog output -output analog
analog representation -perwakilan analog
analog signal -isyarat analog
analog simulation -penyelakuan analog
analog transmission -penghantaran analog
analog variable -pemboleh ubah analog
analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) -penukar analog ke digital (ADC)
analyst -juruanalisis
analytical engine -enjin analisis
analyzer -penganalisis
AND gate -get DAN
annex memory -ingatan tambahan
annotation symbol -lambang catatan
answer lamp -lampu jawab
answer mode -mod jawab
answerback - jawab balik
anticipatory paging –penghalaman jangkaan
anticipatory staging –pemeringkatan jangkaan
anticoincidence circuit -litar antikesekenaan
antistatic mat -alas antistatik
append -tambah
application backlog -tunggakan penggunaan
application conversion -penukaran penggunaan
application layer -lapisan penggunaan
application organization -organisasi.penggunaan
application program -aturcara penggunaan
application programming interface (API) -antara muka pengaturcaraan penggunaan (API)
application software -perisian penggunaan
arbitrary access -capaian sebarangan
arbitrary parameter -parameter sebarangan
arbitrary precision multiplication –pendaraban kepersisan sebarangan
arbitrary sequence computer -komputer jujukan sebarangan
archival storage -storan arkib
archived file -fail arkib
area search -gelintaran kawasan
argument - argumen
argument address -alamat argumen
argument check -semakan argumen
argument passing -penghuluran argumen
arithmetic code fragment -serpihan kod aritmetik
arithmetic constant -pemalar aritmetik
arithmetic conversion -penukaran aritmetik
arithmetic data -data aritmetik
arithmetic element -unsur aritmetik
arithmetic expression -ungkapan aritmetik
arithmetic instruction -suruhan aritmetik
arithmetic logic unit (ALU) -unit aritmetik logik (ALU)
arithmetic operation -pengendalian aritmetik
arithmetic overflow -limpah atas aritmetik
arithmetic register -daftar aritmetik
arithmetic relation -hubungan aritmetik
arithmetic shift -anjakan aritmetik
arithmetic technique -teknik aritmetik
arithmetic term -sebutan aritmetik
arithmetic underflow -limpah bawah aritmetik
array access -capaian tatasusunan
array processor -pemproses tatasusunan
array -tatasusunan
arrival rate -kadar ketibaan
artificial cognition -pengenalan buatan
artificial intelligence (AI) -kecerdasan buatan (AI)
artificial language –bahasa buatan
artificial load -beban buatan
artificial vision -penglihatan buatan
ascender -tangkai atas
ascending order -tertib menaik
ascending sequence –jujukan menaik
ASCII code -kod ASCII
aspect ratio -nisbah bidang
assemble -himpun
assembled origin -asalan terhimpun
assembler directive –arahan penghimpun
assembler instruction -suruhan penghimpun
assembler -penghimpun
assembly language -bahasa himpunan
assembly listing -senarai himpunan
assembly routine -rutin himpunan
assembly testing -pengujian himpunan
assembly time -masa himpunan
assertion -penerapan
assignment operator -pengendali umpukan
assignment statement -kenyataan umpukan
assignment symbol -simbol umpukan
assignment -umpukan
associative storage -storan bersekutu
asterisk -asterisk
asterisk protection -perlindungan asterisk
asynchronous communication interface adapter (ACIA) -penyesuaiantara muka komunikasi tak segerak (ACIA)
asynchronous communication -komunikasi tak segerak
asynchronous computer -komputer tak segerak
asynchronous counter –pembilang tak segerak
asynchronous device -peranti tak segerak
asynchronous frame -bingkai tak segerak
asynchronous procedure -tatacara tak segerak
asynchronous transmission -penghantaran tak segerak
asynchronous unit -unit tak segerak
atom -atom
atomic symbol -simbol atom
attached processing -pemprosesan bergabung
attached processor -pemproses sangkut
attended operation -pengendalian berjaga
attenuation -pemerosotan
attribute -atribut
atutomatic disconnect – putus automatik
audible alarm -penggera boleh dengar
audible indicator -penunjuk boleh dengar
audio device -peranti audio
audio response -sambutan audio
audit program -aturcara audit
audit trail -jejak audit
augend -augen
authoring language -bahasa pengarangan
authoring system -sistem pengarangan
authorization sequence –jujukan sah kuasa
authorization verification –pengesahbetulan kuasa
authorized program -aturcara berizin
autoanswer -autojawab
autobypass -autopintas
autocall –autopanggil
autodecrement -autosusut
autodial –autodail
autoincrement –autotokok
autoload -automuat
automata -automata
automata theory -teori automata
automated flowcharting -pencarta aliran berautomat
automated glossary -glosari berautomat
automated office -pejabat berautomat
automated teller machine (ATM) -juruwang berautomat (ATM)
automatic answering -penjawapan automatik
automatic callback -panggil balik automatik
automatic calling equipment -kelengkapan panggilan automatik
automatic calling unit -unit panggilan automatik
automatic carriage -pembawa automatik
automatic character generation -penjanaan aksara automatik
automatic computer -komputer automatik
automatic control circuit -litar kawalan automatik
automatic control engineering -kejuruteraan kawalan automatik
automatic data processing (ADP) -pemprosesan data automatik .(ADP)
automatic feedback control system -sistem kawalan suap balik automatik
automatic field duplication -penduaan medan automatik
automatic formatting -pemformatan automatik
automatic function -fungsi automatik
automatic indexing – pengindeksan automatik
automatic interrupt -sampukan automatik
automatic key generation -penjanaan kunci automatik
automatic loader -pemuat automatik
automatic logon -log masuk automatik
automatic machining center -pusat pemesinan automatik
automatic message-switching center -pusat pensuisan mesej automatik
automatic paper carriage -penyorong kertas automatik
automatic programming language -bahasa pengaturcaraan automatik
automatic programming -pengaturcaraan automatik
automatic programming tool - peralatan pengaturcaraan automatik
automatic reading -pembacaan automatik
automatic recovery -pemulihan automatik
automatic reset -pengesetan semula automatik
automatic send-receive -hantar-terima automatik
automatic sequence-controlled computer -komputer kawalan jujukan automatik
automatic sequencing – penjujukan automatik
automatic sequential operation –pengendalian jujukan automatik
automatic shutdown -penutupan automatik
automatic skip -langkauan automatik
automatic stop -hentian automatik
automatic storage allocation -peruntukan storan automatik
automatic switchover -suis alih automatik
automatic task initiation -pengawalan tugas automatik
automatic telex facility -kemudahan teleks automatik
automatic test equipment -kelengkapan ujian automatik
automatic ticketing machine -mesin tiket automatik
automatic timer -pemasa automatik
automatic upshift -anjakan atas automatik
automatic volume switching –pensuisan jilid automatik
automation -pengautomatan
automonitor -autoawas
automotive computer -komputer automotif
autonomous computer –komputer berautonomi
autonomous operation -pengendalian berautonomi
autoplotter -autopemplot
autopolling -autotinjau
autorepeat -autoulang
autorestart -automula semula
autoscore -autogaris
autoskip -autolangkau
autostart -automula
auxiliary accumulator -penumpuk bantu
auxiliary console -konsol bantu
auxiliary memory -ingatan bantu
auxiliary operation -pengendalian bantu
available time -masa boleh sedia
AVL tree -pepohon AVL
axiom -aksiom
backbone circuit -litar tulang belakang
backbone network -rangkaian tulang belakang
back-end processor -pemproses bahagian belakang
backfill -kambus balik
background image -imej latarbelakang
background job -kerja latar belakang
background memory -ingatan latar belakang
background processing -pemprosesan latar belakang
background program -aturcara latar belakang
backing storage -storan sandaran
backing-up -penyandaran
backplane -satah belakang
backspace key –kekunci undur ruang
backspace pawl -ruas undur ruang
backspace –undur ruang
backtrack -patah balik
backtracking -pematahbalikan
backup copy -salinan sandar
backup file -fail sandar
backup processor –pemproses sandar
backup -sandar
backup system -sistem sandar
backup tape -pita sandar
Backus normal form -bentuk Backus normal
Backus-Naurform (BNF) –bentuk Backus-Naur (BNF)
backward chaining - perantaian ke belakang
backward read - bacaan ke belakang
bad parity -pariti rosak
bad sector -sektor rosak
balanced merging -percantuman seimbang
balanced tree -pepohon seimbang
ball printer - pencetak bebola
band matrix –matriks jalur
band printer –pencetak jalur
bandwidth -lebar jalur
bar code -kod bar
bar code reader -pembaca kod bar
bar printer -pencetak bar
bare board -papan kosong
base address -alamat asas
base displacement address -alamat sesaran asas
base page addressing -pengalamatan halaman asas
base register -daftar asas
base table -jadual asas
baseband -jalur asas
baseband transmission –penghantaran jalur asas
baseline document -dokumen asas
baseline -garis tapak
baseplate –plat tapak
basic block -blok asas
basic circuit -litar asas
basic code -kod asas
basic disk operating cakera system (BDOS) - sistem pengendalian asas (BDOS)
basic file -fail asas
basic format -format asas
basic input-output system (BIOS) –sistem input-output asas (BIOS)
basic instruction set -set suruhan asas
basic interconnection -saling sambungan asas
basic mode -mod asas
basic operating system (BOS) -sistem pengendalian asas (BOS)
basic storage -storan asas
batch assembly –himpunan kelompok
batch header -kepala kelompok
batch job –kerja kelompok
batch mode -mod kelompok
batch monitor -pengawas kelompok
batch operating system - sistem pengendalian kelompok
batch processing -pemprosesan kelompok
batch total -jumlah kelompok
batch transaction file -fail urus niaga kelompok
batch transfer –pemindahan kelompok
batch transmission –penghantaran kelompok
bath tub curve -lengkung tub mandi
baud -baud
baud rate generator -penjana kadar baud
baud rate -kadar baud
beam storage -storan alur
beep - bip
bell character -aksara loceng
benchmark problem -masalah tanda aras
benchmark -tanda aras
benchmark test -pengujian tanda aras
Bernoulli box -kotak Bernoulli
best fit algorithm -algoritma paling cocok
bidirectional counter -pembilang dwiarah
bidirectional flow -aliran dwiarah
bidirectional gate -get dwiarah
bidirectional printer -pencetak dwiarah
bidirectional pulse -denyut dwiarah
bidirectional transmission -penghantaran dwiarah
bifurcation method -kaedah dwibelah
bifurcation state -keadaan dwiwujud billicycle -bilikitar
binary adder -penambah perduaan
binary arithmetic operation -pengendalian aritmetik perduaan
binary cell -sel perduaan
binary character set -set aksara perduaan
binary chop –penggalan perduaan
binary code -kod perduaan
binary coded address -alamat berkod perduaan
binary coded decimal (BCD) -perpuluhan berkod perduaan (BCD)
binary coded octal (BCO) -perlapanan berkod perduaan (BCO)
binary command -perintah perduaan
binary decimal code -kod perpuluhan perduaan
binary device -peranti perduaan
binary digit –digit perduaan
binary file -fail perduaan
binary information -maklumat perduaan
binary integer -integer perduaan
binary loader -pemuat perduaan
binary notation -tatatanda perduaan
binary number - nombor perduaan
binary -perduaan
binary point -titik perduaan
binary position -kedudukan perduaan
binary radix -radiks perduaan
binary search -gelintaran perduaan
binary search tree -pepohon gelintar perduaan
binary system -sistem perduaan
binary tree -pepohon perduaan
binary tree search -gelintaran pepohon perduaan
binding -pengikatan
binding time -masa pengikatan
biochip -biocip
biosensor –biopenderia
bipary unit -unit perduaan
biphase coding -pengekodan dwifasa
bipolar RAM -RAM dwikutub
biquinary code -kod dwiperlimaan
bisynchronous transmission -penghantaran dwisegerak
bit banging -penghentaman bit
bit -bit
bit bucket -baldi bit
bit bumming -penyendatan bit
bit configuration -tatarajah bit
bit density -ketumpatan bit
bit error rate -kadar ralat bit
bit image -imej bit
bit location -tempat bit
bit manipulation -pengolahan bit
bit map -peta bit
bit pattern -corak bit
bit position -kedudukan bit
bit rate -kadar bit
bit ratio -nisbah bit
bit slice processor -pemproses hiris bit
bit stream –strim bit
bit string -rentetan bit
bit stuffing -penyumbatan bit
bit synchronization -penyegerakan bit
bit test -ujian bit
bit transfer -pindahan bit
bit-mapped screen -skrin berpeta bit
black box - kotak hitam
blank character -aksara kosong
blank column detector -pengesan lajur kosong
blank medium -bahantara kosong
blanking -pemadaman
blast -lebur
blind search -gelintaran buta-tuli
blinking cursor -kursor kelip
blip -blip
block -blok
block check character -aksara semakan blok
block check -semakan blok
block control unit -unit kawalan blok
block diagram -gambar rajah blok
block error rate -kadar ralat blok
block gap -sela blok
block handler -pengendali blok
block heading statement -kenyataan tajuk blok
block length -panjang blok
block loading -pemuatan berblok
block marker track -runut penanda blok
block move -alihan blok
block multiplexing -pemultipleksan blok
block nesting -penyarangan blok
block prefix -awalan blok
block selection -pemilihan blok
block sequence indicator – penunjuk jujukan blok
block sort -isihan blok
block structure -struktur blok
block transfer -pemindahan blok
blocked record -rekod terblok
blocking factor -faktor pemblokan
block-structured language -bahasa berstruktur blok
blue ribbon program -aturcara cemerlang
board exchange warranty -jaminan ganti papan
bold character -aksara tebal
bombed process -proses meletup
Boolean expression -ungkapan Boolean
Boolean logic –logik Boolean
Boolean operation -pengendalian Boolean
Boolean variable -pemboleh ubah Boolean
boot -but
bootstrap -ikat but
bootup disk - cakera but
borrow digit -digit pinjam
bottom margin -jidar bawah
bottom-up design -reka bentuk bawah-atas
boundary register -daftar sempadan
brainware -perisian akal
branch address -alamat cabang
branch instruction –suruhan cabang
branch node --nod cabang
branch point -titik cabang
branch-on-condition -cabang bersyarat
breadth-first search -gelintaran kelebaran dahulu
break key -kekunci putus
breakpoint instruction -suruhan titik putus
breakpoint -titik putus
bridge -titi
bridgeware -perisian titi
briefcase computer –komputer bimbit
broad band -jalur lebar
browse -semak seimbas
bubble memory -ingatan gelembung
bubble sort -isihan gelembung
bucket -baldi
bucket list -senarai baldi
bucket sort -isihan baldi
buddy system –sistem kawan
buffer channel -saluran penimbal
buffer gate -get penimbal
buffer -penimbal
buffer space -ruang penimbal
buffer variable -pemboleh ubah penimbal
buffering area -kawasan penimbalan
bug -pepijat
built-in routine -rutin bina-dalam
bulk eraser -pemadam pukal
bulk storage -storan pukal
bulletin board –papan buletin
bundled software -perisian tergabung
burning -peleburan
burst mode -mod letusan
bus -bas
bus contention –telagahan bas
bus driver -pemacu bas
bus extender -pemanjang bas
bus interface -antara muka bas
bus listener -pendengar bas
bus master -tuan bas
bus network -rangkaian bas
bus request -permintaan bas
bus slave -hamba bas
bus topology -topologi bas
bus traffic -trafik bas
bus width -kelebaran bas
bus wire -dawai bas
business calculating machine -mesin hitung niaga
business computer -komputer niaga
busy token -token sibuk
byte -bait
byte boundary -sempadan bait
byte machine -mesin bait
byte manipulation -pengolahan bait
byte multiplexer channel -saluran pemultipleks bait
byte multiplexing -pemultipleksan bait
cache memory -ingatan cache
calculated address -alamat terhitung
calculating speed -kelajuan hitung
calculation specification -spesifikasi perhitungan
calculator -mesin hitung
call control procedure -tatacara kawal panggil
call directing code -kod arah panggil
call error –ralat panggil
call instruction -suruhan panggil
call-by-name -panggil ikut nama
call-by-reference -panggil ikut rujukan
call-by-value -panggil ikut nilai
calling sequence -jujukan panggil
Cambridge ring -gelang Cambridge
cancel character -aksara batal
canned software -perisian kaleng
canonical form -bentuk berkanun
capstan -kapstan
card aligner - penjajar kad
card assembler -penghimpun kad
card cage -sangkar kad
card channel -saluran kad
card column -lajur kad
card cornering system -sistem pembelokan kad
card count -bilangan kad
card counter -pembilang kad
card cycle -kitar kad
card design -reka bentuk kad
card duplicator -pendua kad
card edge -pinggir kad
card feed device -peranti suap kad
card feeder -penyuap kad
card file -fail kad
card format -format kad
card gripper –pencengkam kad
card interpreter -pentafsir kad
card jam –kesengkangan kad
card layout -bentangan kad
card layout form -borang bentangan kad
card magazine -lelopak kad
card passage –lorong kad
card path -laluan kad
card picker -pemungut kad
card program -aturcara kad
card punch -penebuk kad
card reader -pembaca kad
card reversing device -peranti pembalikan kad
card row -baris kad
card sorter -pengisih kad
card weight - berat kad
card-controlled calculator -mesin hitung kawalan kad
card-controlled tape punch -penebuk pita kawalan kad
cardinality -kekardinalan
card-programmed -kad teraturcara
card-to-magnetic tape converter -penukar kad ke pita magnet
card-to-paper tape converter -penukar kad ke pita kertas
card-to-printer converter –penukar kad ke pencetak
card-to-tape converter -penukar kad ke pita
caret character -aksara karet
carriage control character -aksara kawal penyorong
carriage position register -daftar kedudukan penyorong
carriage return -pengembalian penyorong
carrier detect -kesan pembawa
carrier sensing -penderiaan pembawa
carrier transmission system -sistem penghantaran pembawa
carry bit -bit bawa
carry digit -digit bawa
cartridge drive -pemacu kartrij
cascade control -kawalan latar
cascade merge sort -isih cantum lata
cascaded carry -bawaan lata
cascaded circuit -litar lata
cascaded multiplexer -pemultipleks lata
catena -jerait
cell -sel
center text -teks tengah
central memory -ingatan pusat
central processing unit (CPU)- unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU)
central processor –pemproses pusat
central site -tapak pusat
centralized data processing -pemprosesan data terpusat
centralized network -rangkaian terpusat
centralized system -sistem terpusat
chadless tape -pita tanpa reja
chain printer -pencetak rantai
chained list search -gelintaran senarai berantai
chained list -senarai berantai
chained record -rekod berantai
channel adapter -penyesuai saluran
channel busy -saluran sibuk
channel code -kod saluran
channel loading –pembebanan saluran
channel status byte -bait status saluran
channel status word -kata status saluran
character -aksara
character alignment -penjajaran aksara
character buffer -penimbal aksara
character center line -garis tengah aksara
character checking -semakan aksara
character code -kod aksara
character density -ketumpatan aksara
character display device -peranti paparan aksara
character droop -lelai aksara
character error rate -kadar ralat aksara
character fill -pengisian aksara
character font -fon aksara
character generator -penjana aksara
character map -peta aksara
character pitch -pic aksara
character printer -pencetak aksara
character reader -pembaca aksara
character recognition -pengecaman aksara
character set -set aksara
character size -saiz aksara
character skew -kepencongan aksara
character spacing -jarak aksara
character string -rentetan aksara
character stroke -lejang aksara
character style -gaya aksara
character subset –subset aksara
character suppression -peniadaan aksara
character switch -suis aksara
character synchronization – penyegerakan aksara
character tabulation –penjadualan aksara
characteristic function -fungsi ciri
charge-coupled device (CCD) - peranti caj terganding (CCD)
check bit -bit semak
check character -aksara semak
check digit -digit semak
check feed -suapan semak
check mark channel -saluran tanda semak
check plot -plot semak
check routine -rutin semak
checking device -peranti semak
checking program -aturcara semak
checkpoint restart -permulaan semula titik semak
checksum -hasil tambah semak
checkword -kata semak
child process -proses anak
child segment -segmen anak
chip -cip
chop -penggal
cipher text -teks sifer
circuit board -papan litar
circuit logic -logik litar
circuit module –modul litar
circuit plate -plat litar
circuit switching -pensuisan litar
circular list -senarai membulat
circular shift –anjakan membulat
clean data -data bersih
clear memory -ingatan kosong
clear screen -skrin kosong
clear-to-send signal (CTS signal) -isyarat boleh hantar (isyarat CTS)
client-server computing –pengkomputeran pelanggan- pelayan
client-server -pelanggan-pelayan
clipboard -papan keratan
clipping program - aturcara pengetipan; aturcara pengeratan
clock cycle -kitar jam
clock error –ralat jam
clock frequency –frekuensi jam
clock -jam
clock marker track -runut penanda jam
clock operation –pengendalian jam
clock pulse –denyut jam
clock rate -kadar jam
clock register -daftar jam
clock signal -isyarat jam
clock slip –gelinciran jam
clock system –sistem jam
clock track –runut jam
clock-actuated device -peranti gerakan jam
clock-actuated read-out -bacaan gerakan jam
close statement -kenyataan tutup
closed array -tatasusunan tertutup
closed file -fail tertutup
closed loop -gelung tertutup
closed loop system -sistem gelung tertutup
closed routine -rutin tertutup
closed shop concept -konsep kedai tertutup
closed shop operation -pengendalian kedai tertutup
closure -penutupan
cluster control unit -unit kawal gugusan
cluster controller -pengawal gugusan
coalesce file -fail bertaut
coaxial cable -kabel sepaksi
coaxial connector -penyarnbung sepaksi
code conversion -penukaran kod
code converter –penukar kod
code disk –cakera kod
code element set -set unsur kod
code element -unsur kod
code extension -perluasan kod
code field -medan kod
code hole -lubang kod
code independent data –data tak bersandar
code -kod
code pattern –corak kod
code punching -penebukan kod
code sheet -helaian kod
code structure -struktur kod
code translator -penterjemah kod
code unit -unit kod
code walkthrough -lintas semak
coded arithmetic data -data aritmetik berkod
coded data -data berkod
coded decimal notation -tatatanda perpuluhan berkod
coded disk -cakera berkod
coded image -imej berkod
coded input –input berkod
coded instruction –suruhan berkod
coded output -output berkod
coded program -aturcara berkod
coded representation -perwakilan berkod
coded set -set berkod
coder -pengekod
coding device -peranti pengekodan
coding form -borang pengekodan
coding matrix -matriks pengekodan
coding method -kaedah pengekodan
coding -pengekodan
coding scheme -skim pengekodan
coherent rotation -pemutaran koheren
cohesion –kohesi
coincident-current memory -ingatan arus sekena
cold boot -but sejuk
cold fault -kegagalan sejuk
cold site -tapak sejuk
cold start -permulaan sejuk
collate -kumpul-semak
collating sequence -jujukan kumpul-semak
collator -pengumpul-semak
collision detection -pengesanan perlanggaran
collision -pelanggaran
color graphic -grafik wama
color graphic system -sistem grafik berwama
column clause -klausa lajur
column heading -kepala lajur
column indicator -penunjuk lajur
column -lajur
column shift unit -unit anjakan lajur
column spacing -penjarakan lajur
column split -pisahan lajur
column switch -penukaran lajur
command ambiguity -ketaksaan perintah
command chaining –perantaian perintah
command communication -komunikasi perintah
command driven program -aturcara pacuan perintah
command file -fail perintah
command key -kekunci perintah
command language -bahasa perintah
command patch key pad -pad kekunci jujukan perintah
command -perintah
command processor -pemproses perintah
commencement location address -alamat tempat permulaan
commit protocol -protokol sanggup
common carrier -pembawa sepunya
communication channel -saluran komunikasi
communication controller- pengawal komunikasi
communication interrupt -sampukan komunikasi
communication link -sambungan komunikasi
communication network -rangkaian komunikasi
communication processor -pemproses komunikasi
communication server -pelayan komunikasi
communication software –perisian komunikasi
compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) -ingatan baca sahaja cakera padat (CD-ROM)
compatibility support program -rancangan sokong keserasian
compatibility test -ujian keserasian
compatible software -perisian serasi
compilation -pengkompilan
compilation phase -fasa pengkompilan
compilation time -tempoh pengkompilan
compile -kompil
compiler diagnostic -diagnosis pengkompil
compiler directive –arahan pengkompil
compiler generator -penjana pengkompil
compiler -pengkompil
compiler-compiler -pengkompil-pengkompil
complement base -asas pelengkap
complement instruction -suruhan pelengkap
complement -pelengkap
complement representation -perwakilan pelengkap
complete carry -bawaan lengkap
complete instruction -suruhan lengkap
complete operation -pengendalian lengkap
completeness check –semakan kesempurnaan
component density -ketumpatan komponen
composite operator -pengendali rencam
composite signal -isyarat rencam
composite video -video rencam
composition file -fail gubah
compound logic element -unsur logik majmuk
compound statement -kenyataan majmuk
compressed index –indeks mampat
compressed tape -pita mampat
computational error -ralat komputan
compute bound -batas komput
compute mode -mod komput
computer aided software engineering (CASE) -kejuruteraan perisian bantuan komputer (CASE)
computer animation –penganimasian komputer
computer architecture -seni bina komputer
computer audit -audit komputer
computer auditing –pengauditan komputer
computer awareness -kesedaran komputer
computer base training (CBT) - latihan berasas komputer (CBT)
computer camp - khemah komputer
computer cartography -kartografi komputer
computer center -pusat komputer
computer chassis -casis komputer
computer conferencing -persidangan berkomputer
computer confidentiality -kerahsiaan komputer
computer constraint –kekangan komputer
computer consultant –perunding komputer
computer crime -jenayah komputer
computer cycle -kitar komputer
computer data base -pangkalan data komputer
computer drawing -lukisan komputer
computer emulation -perlagakan komputer
computer engineering -kejuruteraankomputer
computer environment -sekitaran komputer
computer family -keluarga komputer
computer generation -generasi komputer
computer graphic processing (COP) - pemprosesan grafik komputer (COP)
computer graphics -grafik komputer
computer hacker –penggodam komputer
computer image -imej komputer
computer input microfilm -mikrofilem input komputer
computer instruction code -kod surahan komputer
computer instruction set -set suruhan komputer
computer jargon - jargon komputer
computer -komputer
computer language -bahasa komputer
computer literacy -kecelikan komputer
computer micrographic -mikrografik komputer
computer modelling -pemodelan komputer
computer music -muzik komputer
computer network -rangkaian komputer
computer nik -kutu komputer
computer operation –pengendalian komputer
computer operator -pengendali komputer
computer output microfilm -mikrofilem output komputer
computer program –aturcara komputer
computer programmer –pengaturcara komputer
computer resilience - kebingkasan komputer
computer run -jalanan komputer
computer science -sains komputer
computer security -keselamatan komputer
computer simulation -penyelakuan komputer
computer storage -storan komputer
computer system -sistem komputer
computer tape -pita komputer
computer technology -teknologi komputer
computer user -pengguna komputer
computer wizard -bestari komputer
computer worm -cecacing komputer
computer-aided animation -penganimasian bantuan komputer
computer-aided design (CAD) -reka bentuk bantuan komputer (CAD)
computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) - pelukisan pelan dan reka bentuk bantuan komputer (CADD) .
computer-aided geometric design (CAGD) - reka bentuk geometri bantuan komputer (CAGD)
computer-aided instruction (CAI) - pengajaran bantuan komputer (CAI)
computer-aided learning (CAL) -pembelajaran bantuan komputer(CAL)
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) - pembuatan bantuan komputer (CAM)
computer-aided retrieval -dapatan semula bantuan komputer
computer-aided testing (CAT) -pengujian bantuan komputer (CAT)
computer-assisted engineering - kejuruteraan bantuan komputer
computer-assisted instruction (CAI) - pengajaran bantuan komputer (CAI)
computer-assisted interactive tutorial system - sistem tutoran saling tindak bantuan komputer
computer-assisted learning (CAL) -pembelajaran bantuan kompute (CAL)
computer-assisted management -pengurusan bantuan komputer
computer-assisted teaching -pengajaran bantuan komputer
computer-based learning (CBL) -pembelajaran berasas komputer (CBL)
computerbinder – penjilid computer
computer-dependent processing –pemprosesan kebersandaran komputer
computer-independent language -bahasa tak bersandar komputer
computer-independent processing -pemprosesan ketakbersandaran komputer
computerization -pengkomputeran
computerized mail -mel berkomputer
computer-managed instruction (CMI) -pengajaran diurus komputer (CMI)
computerphobia -fobia komputer
computing speed -kelajuan pengiraan pengkomputeran
concatenation -penjeraitan
concentrator -penumpu
conceptual design -reka bentuk konseptual
concordance -konkordans
concurrent operation –pengendalian serempak
concurrent processing –pemprosesan serempak
condition code -kod syarat
conditional branch instruction -suruhan cabang bersyarat
conditional branching -percabangan bersyarat
conditional breakpoint -titik putus bersyarat
conditional construct -binaan bersyarat
conditional implication operation -pengendalian implikasi bersyarat
conditional instruction -suruhan bersyarat
conditional jump - lompatan bersyarat
conditional transfer –pemindahan bersyarat
conditional variable -pemboleh ubah bersyarat
conjunctive search -gelintaran berkait
connecting cable –kabel sambung
connector -penyambung
connector symbol -lambang penyambung
consecutive block -blok berurutan
consecutive sequence computer -komputer jujukan berturutan
console operator -pengendali konsol
console request -permohonan konsol
contact sensing -penderiaan sentuh
content addressable memory - ingatan boleh alamat kandungan
content addressable storage - storan boleh alamat kandungan
content addressed memory -ingatan beralamat kandungan
contention mode -mod pertelagahan
contention -pertelagahan
contention system -sistem pertelagahan
context-sensitive grammar -tatabahasa peka konteks
context-sensitive help key -kunci bantu peka konteks
contingency plan -rancangan luar jangkaan
continuation column -lajur sambung
continuation line -baris sambung
continuous forms -borang selanjar
continuous loop -gelung selanjar
continuous paper forms -borang kertas selanjar
continuous processing -pemprosesan selanjar
continuous scrolling -penatalan selanjar
contour analysis -analisis kontur
contrast ratio -nisbah bezajelas
control algorithm –algoritma kawalan
control ball -bebola kawalan
control block –blok kawalan
control brush -berus kawalan
control brush interlock -saling kunci berus kawalan
control byte -bait kawalan
control character -aksara kawalan
control check -semakan kawalan
control circuit -litar kawalan
control clock –jam kawalan
control column -lajur kawalan
control computer -komputer kawalan
control cycle -kitar kawalan
control date -data kawalan
control digit test -ujian digit kawalan
control facility -kemudahan kawalan
control field -medan kawalan
control flow -aliran kawalan
control hierarchy -hierarki kawalan
control hole -lubang kawalan
control key –kekunci kawalan
control language - bahasa kawalan
control level -aras kawalan
control logic -logik kawalan
control memory -ingatan kawalan
control operation -pengendalian kawalan
control panel -panel kawalan
control panel wiring -pendawaian panel kawalan
control position -kedudukan kawalan
control program -aturcara kawalan
control program for microcomputers (CP/M) -aturcara kawalan untuk mikrokomputer (CP/M)
control punch -tebukan kawalan
control quantity -kuantiti kawalan
control read only memory -ingatan boleh baca sahaja kawalan
control register -daftar kawalan
control section -bahagian kawalan
control sequence - jujukan kawalan
control signal -isyarat kawalan
control statement –kenyataan kawalan
control storage –storan kawalan
control structure -struktur kawalan
control transfer instruction -suruhan pindah kaalan
control unit -unit kawalan
control variable -pembolehubah kawalan
controlled command processor - pemproses perintah terkawal
controlled variable -pemboleh ubah terkawal
controlled vocabulary -perbendaharaan kata terkawal
controlled zone - zon terkawal
controlling element -unsur pengawalan
conversion program -aturcara penukaran
coprocessor -kopemproses
copy protection -perlindungan salin
core dump -longgokan teras
core image -imej teras
core storage unit -unit storan teras
coroutine -korutin
corrective maintenance -penyenggaraan pembetulan
counter -pembilang
counter register -daftar pembilang
counter reset -pengesetan semula pembilang
courseware -perisian kursus
creeping -pelambanan
crippled leapfrog -lompatan lumpuh
crippled mode -mod lumpuh
cross assembler -penghimpun silang
cross compiler -pengkompil silang
cross hair cursor -kursor rerambut silang
crossfooting check -semakan silang
crosshatching -pelorekan silang
cruise control –kawalan jelajah
cryogenic memory -ingatan kriogenik
cryogenic storage -storan kriogenik
cryptography -kriptografi
cryptology -kriptologi
current record –rekod semasa
cursor –kursor
custom software -perisian langgan
cut and paste -potong dan tampal
cut -potong
cybernetics -sibernetik
cyberphobia -siberfobia
cycle shift -anjakan kitar
cycle stealing –pencurian kitar
cycle time -masa kitar
cyclic redundancy check -semakan lewahan kitar
cyrillic character -aksara siril
daisy chain -rantai daisi
daisy wheel printer -pencetak roda daisi
data access protocol -protokol capaian data
data acquisition -pemerolehan data
data acquisition system -sistem pemerolehan data
data address -alamat data
data administrator –pentadbir data
data aggregate -agregat data
data attribute -atribut data
data authentication -pengesahaslian data
data automation -pengautomatan data
data bank -bank data
data base administrator (DBA) - pentadbir pangkalan data (DBA)
data base application -penggunaan pangkalan data
data base description -perihal pangkalan data
data base environment -sekitaran pangkalan data
data base management system (DBMS) -sistem pengurusan pangkalan data (DBMS)
data base manager -pengurus pangkalan data
data base package -pakej pangkalan data
data base -pangkalan data
data boundary -sempadan data
data bus -bas data
data bus line -talian bas data
data cache -cache data
data capture –penangkapan data
data carrier detect (DCD) -kesan pembawa data (DCD)
data carrier -pembawa data
data category -kategori data
data cell -sel data
data center -pusat data
data chaining -perantaian data
data character set -set aksara data
data check -semakan data
data circuit -litar data
data circuit terminating equipment -kelengkapan penamatan litar data
data circuit transparency -lutsinar litar data
data code set -set kod data
data collation –pengumpul semakan data
data collection station -stesen kumpul data
data collector -pengumpul data
data communication equipment -kelengkapan komunikasi data
data communication facility -kemudahan komunikasi data
data communication -komunikasi data
data compatibility -keserasian data
data compression -pemampatan data
data compression technique -teknik pemampatan data
data concentration -penumpuan data
data conditioning -penyesuaian data
data constant -pemalar data
data contamination -pencemaran data
data continuity -kesinambungan data
data conversion -penukaran data
data corruption -kerosakan data
data custodian -penjaga data
data -data
data decryption -penyahsulitan data
data definition name -nama takrif data
data definition -pentakrifan data
data density -ketumpatan data
data description language (DDL) -bahasa perihal data (DDL)
data description table (DDT) -jadual perihal data (DDT)
data descriptor -penerang data
data design -reka bentuk data
data dictionary -kamus data
data diddling -penggodakan data
data directed transmission -penghantaran data terarah
data directory -direktori data
data display -paparan data
data display unit -unit paparan data
data editing -penyuntingan data
data element -unsur data
data encryption -penyulitan data
data entry -kemasukan data
data entry terminal -terminal kemasukan data
data event control block -blok kawalan peristiwa data
data exception -kekecualian data
data export -eksport data
data extent block -blok kepanjangan data
data extraction -penyarian data
data field -medan data
data file -fail data
data flow -aliran data
data flow diagram (DFD) -gambar rajah aliran data(DFD)
data flow system -sistem aliran data
data flowchart -carta aliran data
data fomat -fomat data
data fomat item -butir fomat data
data frame -bingkai data
data gathering -pengumpulan data
data import -import data
data in line -talian data masuk
data indicator –penunjuk data
data input -input data
data input station –stesen input data
data integration -penyepaduan data
data integrity -kewibawaan data
data item -butir data
data leakage -kebocoran data
data level -aras data
data link control -kawalan pautan data
data link escape (DLE) -pelepasan pautan data (DLE)
data link layer -lapisan pautan data
data link -pautan data
data location statement -kenyataan tempat data
data location -tempat data
data logging -pengelogan data
data maintenance function -fungsi penyenggaraan data
data management format -format pengurusan data
data management -pengurusan data
data manipulation -pengolahan data
data medium -bahantara data
data medium protection -perlindungan bahantara data
data migration -penghijrahan data
data mobility -kebolehgerakan data
data model -model data
data modem -modem data
data module -modul data
data multiplexer -pemultipleks data
data name -nama data
data network -rangkaian data
data out line –talian data keluar
data output -output data
data packet -bingkisan data
data plotter -pemplot data
data pocket -saku data
data point -titik data
data pointer - penuding data
data portability –kemudahalihan data
data preparation -penyediaan data
data processing center -pusat pemprosesan data
data processing circuit -litar pemprosesan data
data processing cycle -kitar pemprosesan data
data processing equipment -kelengkapan pemprosesan data
data processing expert -pakar pemprosesan data
data processing manager -pengurus pemprosesan data
data processing node -nod pemprosesan data
data processing -pemprosesan data
data processing station -stesen pemprosesan data
data processing system - sistem pemprosesan data
data processor -pemproses data
data protection -perlindungan data
data purification –penulenan data
data quality -mutu data
data range -julat data
data rate -kadar data
data record clause -klausa rekod data
data recording control -kawalan perakaman data
data recording device -peranti rakam data
data recording medium -bahantara rakam data
data recording -perakaman data; rakaman data
data reduction -pengurangan data
data register -daftar data
data reliability -keutuhan data
data representation -perwakilan data
data retrieval -dapatan semula data
data scaling -penskalaan data
data scope -skop data
data scrambling -pengarauan data
data security -keselamatan data
data set control block -blok kawalan set data
data set label -label set data
data set ready -kesediaan set data
data set -set data
data sharing -perkongsian data
data sheet -helaian data
data signalling rate - kadar pengisyaratan data
data sink –penenggelaman data
data sorter -pengisih data
data source -sumber data
data space -ruang data
data specification -spesifikasi data
data stream –strim data
data structure diagram -gambar rajah struktur data
data structure -struktur data
data switching exchange -ibu sawat pensuisan data
data tablet -memeja data
data terminal equipment - kelengkapan terminal data
data terminal ready -kesediaan terminal data
data terminal -terminal data
data transcription -pentranskripan data
data transfer control -kawalan pemindahan data
data transfer -pemindahan data
data transfer phase -fasa pemindahan data
data transfer rate -kadar pemindahan data
data transfer register -daftar pemindahan data
data translator -penterjemah data
data transmission baud - baud penghantaran data
data transmission channel -saluran penghantaran data
data transmission –penghantaran data
data transmission system -sistem penghantaran data
data type -jenis data
data unit -unit data
data validation -pengesahsahihan data
data value -nilai data
datagram -datagram
datagram service -perkhidmatan datagram
datamation -pendataan
dataphone -datafon
daughter board -papan anak
daughter card -kad anak
DC erasing head -kepala pemadam DC
deadlock -kebuntuan
debug -nyahpepijat
debugging -penyahpepijatan
decatenate -nyahjerait
decimal code -kod perpuluhan
decimal digit character - aksara digit perpuluhan
decimal floating point -titik apung perpuluhan
decimal radix -radiks perpuluhan
decimal system -sistem perpuluhan
decision box -kotak keputusan
decision content -kandungan keputusan
decision element -unsur keputusan
decision feedback -suap balik keputusan
decision instruction -suruhan keputusan
decision plan -rancangan keputusan
decision rule -aturan keputusan
decision support system (DSS) -sistem sokongan keputusan (DSS)
decision table -jadual keputusan
decision tree –pepohon keputusan
declarative section -bahagian pengisytiharan
declarative statement -kenyataan pengisytiharan
decoder -penyahkod
decollate -kumpul-asing
decollator -pengumpul-asing
decrement field -medan susut
decryption -penyahsulitan
dedicated channel -saluran khusus
dedicated computer -komputer khusus
dedicated line -talian khusus
default drive -pemacu lalai
default font -fon lalai
default value -nilai lalai
deferred address –alamat tertangguh
deferred entry -kemasukan tertangguh
deferred exit -keluar tertangguh
dejagging -penyahgerigian
delay time -masa lengah
delete -hapus
delimiter -pembatas
deliverable document -dokumen boleh serah
demand fetching -pengambilan tuntut
demand paging -penghalaman tuntut
demand staging -pemeringkatan tuntut
demount -nyahlekap
demultiplexing -penyahmultipleksan
dense list -senarai padat
dependency diagram -gambar rajah kebersandaran
depth-first search -gelintaran kedalaman dahulu
deque -dekiu
descender -tangkai bawah
descending order -tertib menurun
descending sequence -jujukan menurun
descriptor -pemerihal
design automation -pengautomatan reka bentuk
desk accessory -aksesori meja
desk check -penyemakan meja
desktop computer -komputer meja
desktop computing –pengkomputan meja
desktop publishing system (DTP system) - sistem penerbitan meja (sistem DTP)
destination field -medan destinasi
destination file -fail destinasi
destination operand -kendalian destinasi
destructive read –bacaan musnah
device address -alamat peranti
device independence –kebebasan peranti
device independent program -aturcara tak bersandar peranti
device interface -antara muka peranti
device request interrupt –sampukan permintaan peranti
diagnostic character -aksara diagnosis
diagnostic paradigm -paradigma diagnosis
dialog system -sistem dialog
dial-up network -rangkaian dail
dial-up terminal -terminal dail
dibit -dwibit.
difference check -semakan perbezaan
difference engine -enjin beza
digit compression -pemampatan digit
digit delay -kelengahan digit
digit -digit
digit driver - pemacu digit
digit emmiter -pemancar digit
digit impulse -dedenyut digit
digit key - kekunci digit
digit place -tempat digit
digit position -kedudukan digit
digit punching -penebukan digit
digit repetition -pengulangan digit
digit row -baris digit
digit selector character -aksara pemilih digit
digit selector -pemilih digit
digit time -masa digit
digit track -runut digit
digital camera -kamera digital
digital clock -jam digital
digital computer -komputer digital
digital control -kawalan digital
digital converter -penukar digital
digital counter -pembilang digital
digital data -data digital
digital -digital
digital display -paparan digital
digital filtering -penapisan digital
digital head -kepala digital
digital image data -data imej digital
digital indicator -penunjuk digital
digital input -input digital
digital integrator -pengamir digital
digital keyboard -papan kekunci digital
digital magnetic tape -pita magnet digital
digital module -modul digital
digital multiplier -pendarab digital
digital optical disk -cakera optik digital
digital readout -bacaan digital
digital recorder -perakam digital
digital repeater -pengulang digital
digital representation -perwakilan digital
digital signal -isyarat digital
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